Eight programmes price the same barrel. Each one counts compliance in a different unit, sets its own carbon intensity trajectory, and clears at its own price — and a credit created in one rarely travels to another. These pages set out how each is built and what it currently pays.
Federal clean fuel regulations. Credits in tonnes CO2e across three compliance categories, with the compliance fund and deferral both capped at 10% of the annual obligation.
Explore the market →The largest biofuel mandate in the world. Compliance is denominated in RINs, not gallons, and the obligations nest — so the headline diesel target understates the real pull.
Explore the market →Provincial low carbon fuel standard under the Low Carbon Fuels Act. 20.6% CI reduction in 2026, rising to 30% by 2030, with a $600 per unit administrative penalty acting as a de facto ceiling.
Explore the market →The deepest LCFS market. Amended regulation in force since 1 July 2025, benchmarks to 2045, and a Credit Clearance Market with a CPI-indexed maximum price.
Explore the market →A thin, near-balanced market. 12% CI reduction in 2026 against reset baselines, 37% by 2035, with a live 2026 rulemaking targeting at least 50% through 2040.
Explore the market →The newest West Coast standard, stepping from 2% to 7% across the middle of the decade and on to 45% by 2038 — and distinct from Washington's separate cap-and-invest programme.
Explore the market →A directive, not a market. RED III sets the 2030 transport target; the tradable instruments are national — Dutch EREs (which replaced HBEs on 1 Jan 2026) and the German THG-Quote.
Explore the market →Directly applicable, no transposition. Well-to-wake GHG intensity against a 91.16 gCO2e/MJ baseline, with banking, borrowing at a 10% surcharge, and pooling as the only transfer route.
Explore the market →Prices and carbon intensity targets on these pages are dated and sourced to the administering regulator. Fuel credit markets move quickly — check the date on any figure before using it in a model.
The research pipeline is public and growing. Tell us where you operate and we’ll point you at the closest playbook — or build the sector page next.